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Academy11+

11+ English · Topic explained

Colons, semi-colons and dashes

Colon, semi-colon or dash: how do you know which one to use?

The big idea

A colon introduces, a semi-colon links two closely related sentences, and a dash adds a dramatic extra.

Picture it

A colon is a drumroll before the reveal. A semi-colon is a bridge between two islands. A dash is a sudden swerve.

Key words

colon
Comes after a complete sentence to introduce a list or an explanation.
semi-colon
Joins two complete sentences that are closely linked.
dash
Adds a dramatic extra, or a pair of dashes holds extra information like brackets.

Worked examples

  1. 1Warm-up

    You will need three things: a pen, a ruler and a rubber.

    • The colon introduces the list.
    • It's like saying "here they come".
  2. 211+ standard

    It was pouring with rain; the match was cancelled.

    • Both halves are complete sentences.
    • They're closely linked, so a semi-colon joins them.
  3. 311+ standard

    There was only one explanation: the dog had eaten the cake.

    • A colon can introduce an explanation, not just a list.
  4. 411+ standard

    The door creaked open – and there stood a ghost. My aunt – a famous chef – made the cake.

    • One dash: a dramatic pause before the surprise.
    • A pair of dashes: extra information, like brackets.

The common mistake

The mistake

"I need; eggs, flour and sugar."

Instead

"I need three things: eggs, flour and sugar."

Why: A colon introduces a list. A semi-colon needs a complete sentence on each side.

Where it comes up in the 11+

SPaG questions ask which mark fits the gap (colon, semi-colon or dash) and why.

The video

Video coming soon

We're making a short video that explains colons, semi-colons and dashes step by step. Until then, everything it covers is on this page.

Free printable

Colons, semi-colons and dashes worksheet

Practice questions on this topic to print and try on paper, at home or on the way to school.

Download the worksheet (PDF)

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Quick quiz

Have a go first, then tap to see the answer.

  1. 1. Which mark fits? "Sam loves football ___ his sister prefers tennis."

    • colon
    • semi-colon
    • comma
    Show the answer

    semi-colon

    Two complete, closely linked sentences. A comma alone can't join them.

  2. 2. Which mark fits? "Pack these items ___ a coat, boots and a hat."

    • colon
    • semi-colon
    • question mark
    Show the answer

    colon

    It introduces a list.

  3. 3. Which uses a semi-colon correctly?

    • I was tired; and sleepy.
    • I was tired; I went to bed early.
    • I was; tired and sleepy.
    Show the answer

    I was tired; I went to bed early.

    Both sides are complete sentences.